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EPISODE 5- DECLINABLE WORDS
The conditions affecting the ends of declinable words are four;
- the nominative case.
- the subjunctive case
- the jussive case, and
- the genitive case
They are known as the states of declinable words.
The true symbols of declinable words are four and they are the dhumma, fatha, kasra and sukun. And some other symbols represent them in some cases.
The nominative and subjunctive cases are applicable to both Ism (noun/adjective) and Fi’l (verb).
The genitive case is applicable to only Ism, while the jussive case is applicable to only fi’l.
Examples
١. المَاءُ عَذْبٌ
(Alma’u ‘azbun)
- The water is fresh
٢. شَرِبْتُ المَاءَ عَذْبًا
(sharibtul ma’a’ azban)
- I drank fresh water
٣. يَعِيشُ السَّمَكُ فِي المَاءِ
(ya’ish as-samaku fil ma’i)
- The fish live in the water
٤. تُورِقُ الأَشْجَارُ
(turiqul ashjar)
- The trees are foliating
٥. لَنْ تُورِقَ الأَشْجَارُ
(Lan turiqal ashjar)
- The trees will not foliate
٦. لَمْ تُورِقُ شَجَرَةٌ
Lam turiq shajaratun)
- The tree did not foliate
The word “المَاء” in the first three sentences is a Noun. It appears as the subject in the first sentence, and that which signifies the nominative case in it is the dhumma at the end of word. It appears as the object of the verb in the second sentence, and that which signifies the subjunctive case is the fatha at the end of the word.
In the third sentence, it’s a genitive case and that which signifies it is the kasra at the end. The end of “الماء” changed with the change in the position in the sentences, which is unlike the indeclinable words which remain fixed no matter their position in a sentence.
The word “تُورِق” in the last three sentences is a verb- present tense. The first sentence is in the nominative case, as it is free from subjunctive and jussive instances. And that which signifies the nominative case is the dhumma at the end of the word. It appears as a subjunctive case in the second sentence, due to the presence of “لَنْ” and that which signifies the subjunctive case is the fatha at the end of the word.
In the last sentence, it is in the jussive case due to the presence of “لَمْ”, and that which signifies the jussive case is the sukun at the end of the word. The end of “تُورِق” changed with the change in the position of the word in the sentences.
The declinable words are easier to identify, and they are vast. It’s important to note the elements and factors that affect the change in the end of the words.
To be continued إن شاء الله
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