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EPISODE 6⃣ – SINGULAR, DUAL AND PLURAL
Unlike the English language which has just singular and plural words, the Arabic language has singular, dual and plural known as مُفْرَد، مُثَنَّى وجَمْعِ (mufrad, muthanna, and jam’u respectively)
The Noun is divided into three parts:
- Mufrad – this signifies only one item. E.g وَلَدٌ (walad) – a boy
- Muthanna – this signifies two items by the addition of Alif and Noon (ان) or Yaa and Noon (ين) at the end of the word. E.g وَلَدَانِ (waladaani) – two boys
- Jam’u- this signifies items that are more than two. E.g
أَوْلَادٌ (Awlaad) – many boys
Examples
١.تَعِبَ العَامِلُ
(Ta’ibal ‘aamil)
- The worker is tired
٢. حَضَرَ المُهَنْدِسُ
(Hadaral muhandisu)
- The engineer has arrived
٣. تَعِبَ العَامِلَان
(Ta’ibal’ aamilaan)
- The two workers are tired
٤. حَضَرَ المُهَنْدِسَانِ
(Hadaral muhandisaan)
- The two engineers have arrived
٥. تَعِبَ العُمّالُ
(Ta’ibal ‘ummal)
- The workers are tired
٦. حَضَرَ المُهَنْدِسُونَ
(Hadaral muhandisun)
- The engineers have arrived
The last words in all the examples are Nouns, and if we look at the first two sentences, we see that each Noun is singular, and it’s referred to as Mufrad.
If we look at the two middle sentences, we see that each Noun signifies two items (dual), so it’s referred to as Muthanna. And it’s an extension of the Mufrad by the addition of Alif and Noon.
If we look at the last two sentences, we see that each Noun signifies more than two items, so it’s referred to as Jam’u. It is mainly an extension of the Mufrad by the addition of Waw and Noon or Yaa and Noon.
To be continued إن شاء الله
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