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EPISODE 7⃣- THE EIGHTH FOUNDATION
They work according to evidences and proofs in following what has come in the Book of Allāh (ﷻ) and the Sunnah of His Prophet (ﷺ), both inwardly and outwardly, and the submission to it. They seek to follow that which the Companions were upon in general and they seek to follow the Rightly-Guided Caliphs in particular.
They do not place the statement of anyone before the statement of Allāh (ﷻ) and the statement of His Messenger (ﷻ). According to them, the sound reason is that which agrees with the authentic reports. After this, they will take whatever is agreed upon by the scholars of the Ummah and they rely upon it after the Qur’ān and the Sunnah.
They do not believe that anyone is infallible except for the Messenger of Allāh (ﷺ), and they do not zealously follow the opinion of anyone unless it is in agreement with the Qur’ān and the Sunnah. According to them, the difference in opinion in the matters of ijtihaad do not necessitate enmity and disavowal between them. Rather, they love each other, befriend each other and pray behind each other with their differences in some minor issues.
Ijtihaad is the process of deriving Sharee’ah laws from the Qur’ān and Sunnah, as the four Imams and others besides them from the Fiqh and Hadith scholars did.
Imām Aḥmad said: “So the Messenger of Allāh (ﷺ) is the one who expresses [explains] the Book of Allāh (ﷻ), directing to its meanings, and His Companions were present as witnesses to that, those whom Allāh (ﷻ) was pleased with and chose for His Prophet (ﷺ). They transmitted that from him and hence were the most knowledgeable of people regarding the Messenger of Allāh (ﷺ), and of what he informed of regarding the meaning of what Allāh (ﷻ) intended from that, due to them witnessing what the Book intended. Hence, they (the Companions) were the ones who expressed [explained] that [knowledge] after the Messenger of Allāh (ﷺ).
[Ṭabaqāt al-Ḥanābilah (3/122)]
Abū Ḥanīfah said: “Adhere to the athar (narration) and the ṭarīqah (way) of the Salaf and beware of newly invented matters for all of it is innovation.”
(As related by al-Ṣuyūṭī in Ṣawn al-Mantiq)
They do not permit anyone of the Muslims to be restricted to the Madhhab (Islamic school of Fiqh) of any particular Fiqh scholar. They also hold it permissible for a person to change from one madhhab to another due to strength of evidence. They believe that the student of knowledge who has the ability to learn the evidence of the Imams must act according to the evidence. He may move from the madhhab of an Imam to the madhhab of another Imam in an issue if the madhhab has stronger evidence and a more correct understanding. In doing so, he is still considered a follower and not a mujtahid.
to be continued إن شاء الله
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