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EPISODE 2- VERBS
الفِعْل (Al-fi’l) – Verb
A verb is any word that signifies the occurrence of an action in a specific time.
The Arabic verbs are classified into three categories according to the time or period of occurrence.
- الفِعْل المَاضِي (Al-fi’l Al-Maadiy)
Past Tense – This refers to any verb that signifies the occurrence of an action in the past. For example:
جَرَى الكَلْب (Jaral kalbu)
-the dog ran
جَاءَتِ البِنْت (Ja’atil bintu)
-the girl came
وَقَفَ الرَّجل (waqafa ar-rajlu)
-the man stopped
In all three examples (in Arabic), the first words are verbs. The first word “ran” is a past tense of “run”, the second verb “came” is a past tense of the verb “come”, and the third verb “stopped” is a past tense of the verb “stop”. This is why it is called Al-fi’l Al-Maadiy, and same with all other similar sentences.
- ُالفِعْلُ المُضَارِع (Al-fi’l Al-Mudaari’)
Present Tense – This refers to any verb that describes the occurrence of an action in the present, or in the future, and it has to begin with one of the following words : hamza (أ), noon (ن), yaa (ي), and taa (ت). For example:
أَغْسِلُ يديّ (Agsilu yadayya)
-I am washing my hands
نَلْعَبُ باِلكُرَّةِ (nal’abu bil kurra)
-we are playing with the ball
يَنْبَحُ الكَلْبُ (yanbahul kalbu)
-the dog is barking
The first word in these examples (Arabic) are verbs, because they signify the occurrence of an action in the present. The word “washing” is the present tense of the verb “wash”. The word “playing” is the present tense of the verb “play” and the word “barking” is the present tense of the verb “bark”. And if you observe the first letters (words), they begin with hamza, noon, yaa or taa. And these four are known as “Ahrufal Mudaari’ah”.
- الفِعْلُ الأَمْرُ (Al-fi’l Al-Amr)
Imperative Tense – This refers to every verb by which the occurrence of an action is requested or commanded. For example:
اِلْعَبْ بِالكُرَّةِ (Il’ab bil kurra)
-play with the ball
أَطْعِمْ قِطَّكَ (aț’im qițțaka)
-feed your cat
نَمْ مُبَكِّرًا (nam mubakkiran)
-sleep early
The first words in the examples are verbs, because they signify the occurrence of actions in a specific time (i.e, command).
And if we look at the verbs, we see that the speaker (the one giving the command), requests the, and commands him to perform an action in the future. That is why every verb under this category is called “Al-fi’l Al-Amr”.
Every verb in the Arabic language belongs to one of the three categories, and it becomes easier to identify each verb in a sentence with regard to the category it falls under, and it also becomes easier to identify the tense of the verb and the time the verb in the sentence occurred. With time and practice, the identification of verbs in sentences, and also the identification of other parts of speech will become easier.
May Allāh (ﷻ) make it easy for us all, bless us with the understanding of the Arabic language, and cause us to use it for something beneficial in this world and the hereafter.
آمين يارب العالمين
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